STANDARDS:
PART I. DESCRIPTION OF MITOSIS IN ANIMAL CELLS:
Max. = 7 points
General
__ division of nucleus
__ daughter cells acquire the same number and kinds of chromosomes
as
in the mother cell
__ process for growth or repair or asexual reproduction
__ list phases in correct order (P,M,A.T)
Prophase (one point each / max. 2)
__ centrioles move apart
__ chromosomes condense
__ nucleolus is no longer visible
__ nuclear envelope disappears
__ asters and spindle form
Metaphase
__ sister chromatids (chromosomes) are in a line at the midpoint of
the spindle
Anaphase (one point each / max. 2)
__ centromeres uncouple (split)
__ chromosomes move to opposite poles
__ microtubules involved in the push/pull movement
Telophase (one point each / max. 2)
__ reverse of prophase
__ nuclear envelope reforms
__ nucleolus reappears
__ chromosomes become diffuse
__ spindle and aster disappear
__ centrioles are replicated
Points less frequently mentioned:
__ function of centrioles
__ definition of kinetochores
__ description of polar microtubules and kinetochore microtubules
__ definition of chromatids
*In order to obtain a score of 10, there must be points in all three
sections.
If only two sections are written the maximum is 9.
PART II. CYTOKINESIS:
__ division of cytoplasm
__ formation of a cleavage furrow
__ occurrence of cytokinesis in the cell cycle
Points less frequently mentioned:
__ function of cytokinesis
__ dense belt of actin and myosin microfilaments
__ purse-string mechanism
__ furrow occurs at location of equatorial plane
__ cytochalasin blocks activity of microfilaments (stops
cytokinesis)
PART III. OTHER PHASES OF THE CELL CYCLE (INTERPHASE):
General
__ list G1, S, and G2 in correct order
__ G1, S, and G2 are part of interphase
__ chromosomes appear as a mass of chromatin material
G1
__ synthesis of cell organelles or cell doubles in size
__ restriction (decision) point or point of no return
S
__ synthesis or replication of DNA or DNA replication occurs during
interphase
G2
__ synthesis of microtubular assembly, or prepare for mitosis
Points less frequently mentioned:
__ description of nucleosomes
__ times in each phase
__ growth factors
__ some cells do not go beyond G1
__ after cell passes "S", mitosis will usually continue
__ colchicine prevents the formation of microtubules
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