Multiple Choice Section
1. Which response usually occurs after an individual receives a vaccination for influenza virus? (1.) Hormones in the blood inhibit reproduction of the virus. (2.) Antibodies against the virus form in the blood. (3.) . Enzymes released from platelets hydrolyze the virus. (4.) Antigens from the vaccine deactivate the virus.
2. The release of histamines within the body is most closely associated with (1.) rejection of a transplanted organ (2.) an allergic reaction (3.) blood clotting (4.) active immunity
For each statement in questions 3 and 4, select the immune response that is most closely associated with the statement:
3. A vaccine containing a weakened disease-causing organism is injected into the body. (1.) active immunity (2.) passive immunity (3.) allergies (4.) tissue rejection
4. Chemicals known as histamines are released as a result of antibody production. (1.) active immunity (2.) passive immunity (3.) allergies (4.) tissue rejection
5. An individual who has had chicken pox rarely gets this disease again. This situation is an example of (1.) biological control (2.) negative feedback (3.) active immunity (4.) passive immunity
6. Which substances produced in the body are directly responsible for the rejection of a transplanted organ? (1.) antigens (2.) histamines (3.) antibodies (4.) excretions
7. The organ system in humans most directly involved in the production of antibodies in the immune reaction is the (1.) endocrine (2.) circulatory (3.) digestive (4.) excretory
8. Substances formed by the human body in response to foreign proteins entering the body are called (1.) antigens (2.) antibodies (3.) platelets (4.) red blood cells
9. Which is an example of a process that brings about an active immunity? (1.) A child develops antibodies after recovering from measles. (2.) A child receives antibodies from its mother's milk . (3.) Antibodies for diphtheria are injected during an epidemic. (4.) Antibodies against flu are administered orally.
10. Pollen grains often stimulate an allergic response that produces (1.) antigens (2.) antibodies (3.) plasma (4.) platelets
11. AIDS is a viral disease which interferes with the ability of the body to defend itself against invading organisms. Which body system is most directly effected by AIDS based on this statement? (1.) immune (2.) digestive (3.) reproductive (4.) nervous
12. Lymphocytes recognize _____ as foreign molecules. (1.) antibodies (2.) antigens (3.) allergies (4.) platelets
13. An individual who has recovered from a disease develops _______. (1.) an allergy to it (2.) passive immunity to it (3.) active immunity to it (4.) antigens for it
14. ______ are proteins formed by lymphocytes, which neutralize antigens. (1.) Antibodies (2.) Antibiotics (3.) Allergies (4.) Platelets
15. A disease causing organism in the body is also known as a(n) (1.) antibody (2.) antihistamine (3.) hormone (4.) pathogen
16. The increase in specific antibodies in the blood after exposure to a pathogen characterizes which type of response (1.) reflex (2.) endocrine (hormone) (3.) voluntary (4.) immune
17. Which makes antibodies? (1.) red blood cells (2.) white blood cells (3.) platelets (4.) enzymes
18. Which may infect plants and animals and disrupt homeostasis causing disease? (1.) viruses (2.) fungi (3.) bacteria (4.) all of the previous things may do this
Completion Section
1. ___________________ immunity is when your body makes the antibodies after recovering from a disease or getting a vaccination. This is longer term immunity which stimulates your immune system to have a "memory".
2. A chemical produced in response to an antigen is called a(n) _______________.
3. Foreign substances in the body which stimulate an immunological response are called _________________.
4. _________________ immunity is when you receive antibodies from another individual. This kind of immunity is usually very short term.
True/False Section: Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If the statement is false, change one word or phrase in the statement to make the statement true.
1. Many vaccinations stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies by exposing it to strengthened pathogens.
2. Some viral diseases, such as AIDS, damage the immune system, leaving the body unable to deal with many infectious agents and cancer cells.
3. Once antibodies are produced in our bodies, we gain a memory to fight off subsequent invaders of the same kind.
4. A specific antibody can fight off any kind of antigen.
5. Many allergic reactions are caused by the body's immune response to normally harmless environmental substances.
6. The immune system is designed to protect against pathogens such as microscopic organisms and foreign substances that arise from outside the body.
7. Our immune system normally protects from cancer cells that arise within our bodies.
8. In auto-immune diseases, the immune system may start to attack some of the body's own cells.
9. Antigen-antibody responses are normally very specific.
10. Cancer can result from a gene mutation that produces uncontrolled cell division.
11. Biological research generates knowledge used to design ways of diagnosing, preventing, treating, controlling, or curing diseases of plants and animals.
12. The effects of diseases caused by poor personal choices show up immediately.
13. Diseases may be caused by inheritance, toxic substances, poor nutrition, organ malfunction, and personal behavior.
14. Failure to maintain homeostasis will usually result in good health.
Free-Response Section
1. State two different ways white blood cells help to defend our bodies against the introduction of foreign antigens.
2. Using one or more complete sentences, describe a change which might occur within our bodies to increase our numbers of white blood cells.
3. How does a measles vaccine protect a child entering school against the measles? Write one or more paragraphs explaining this. Include discussion of the terms antibody, antigen, immune response, pathogen, primary immune response, and secondary immune response (memory) in your explanation.
Now hopefully some correct answers! Report any errors or comments to jbuckley@northnet.org
Multiple Choice Section
1. 2 10. 2
2. 2 11. 1
3. 1 12. 2
4. 3 13. 3
5. 3 14. 1
6. 3 15. 4
7. 2 16. 4
8. 2 17. 2
9. 1 18. 4
Completion Section
1. active 2. antibody 3. antigens 4. passive
True-False Section
1. False -- replace strengthened with weakened
2. True
3. True
4. False -- replace "any kind of" with "one specific"
5. True 6. True 7. True 8. True 9. True 10. True 11. True
12. False -- replace "immediately" with sometimes immediately and sometimes not for many years.
13. True
14. False -- replace "good health" with "disease or death"
Free-Response Section (Other responses may be acceptable.)
1. Some white blood cells mark bacteria or foreign substances for destruction. Some white blood cells engulf bacteria directly (phagocytic white blood cells). Other white blood cells are responsible for the production of specific antibodies against a particular antigen.
2. A bacterial infection which influences the entire body system would massively increase the white blood cell count.
3. The measles vaccine contains weakened measles virus. This virus is a pathogen or foreign invader. This foreign virus, like any foreign substance entering the body is an antigen. This stimulates specific white blood cells in the body to make antibodies, which are chemicals to destroy this antigen. The mobilization of the body to attack an antigen like this is called the immune response. The immune response which occurs when someone is initially exposed to an antigen (like this measles vaccine) is called the primary immune response. After this threat is met, the level of measles antibodies falls to a very low level in our body. However, our immune systems have a memory and will increase the level of antibodies immediately if a measles antigen invades our body even many years later. This is called a secondary immune response and will destroy any subsequent invasions of this specific virus.