For each of the following questions, choose the number of the answer which best completes each of the following statements or answers each of the following questions.
1. Two hormones that stimulate the growth of the epithelial lining of
the uterus are estrogen and
(1.) insulin (2.) adrenalin (3.) testosterone
(4.) progesterone
2. Which hormone converts glucose to glycogen? (1.) insulin (2.) glucagon
(3.) thyroxin (4.) FSH
3. As air temperature increases, the rate of perspiration usually (1.)
increases (2.) decreases
(3.) remains the same
4. The breathing process in humans is an example of a feedback mechanism.
This process
depends upon the response to carbon dioxide levels
in the blood by the (1.) medulla
(2.) cerebrum (3.) cerebellum (4.) spinal cord
5. Which classification subdivision would contain the fewest, most closely related organisms? (1.) Phylum Chordata (2.) Kingdom Animalia (3.) Class Mammalia (4.) Order Rodentia
6. Which is the hydrolytic breakdown product of complete carbohydrate
digestion in the
alimentary canal? (1.) amylase (2.) amino acids
(3.) glucose (4.) glycerol
7. A substance which causes an immunological response when introduced
into the body is
called a(n) (1.) antibody (2.) antigen (3.) glucose
(4.) insulin
8. In the human circulatory system, most of the end products of nutrition
are carried in the
(1.) red blood cells (2.) white blood cells
(3.) platelets (4.) plasma
9. Which two cell structures are most closely associated with energy
changes in a plant?
(1.) chloroplast and mitochondrion (2.) chloroplast
and nucleus
(3.) mitochondrion and chromosome (4.) chromosome
and nucleus
10. Which is the most accurate statement concerning protein synthesis
in cells?
(1.) Proteins are synthesized at the
mitochondria in all living cells.
(2.) Proteins are synthesized at the
ribosomes in all living cells.
(3.) Proteins are synthesized at the
ribosomes in plant cells, only.
(4.) Proteins are synthesized at the
mitochondria in animal cells, only.
11. One of the major processes involved in the transport of molecules
within cells is (1.) osmosis
(2.) hydrolysis (3.) pinocytosis (4.)
cyclosis
12. In many animals, the capacity of the blood to carry oxygen is increased
by the presence of
(1.) ATP (2.) hemoglobin (3.) platelets
(4.) white blood corpuscles
13. A student viewing a specimen under low power if a compound microscope
switched to
high power and noticed that the field
of view darkened considerably. Which microscope
part should the student adjust to brighten
the field of view? (1.) diaphragm
(2.) coarse adjustment (3.) fine
adjustment (4.) eyepiece
14. Some large soluble food molecules are reduced to small soluble food
molecules during
the process of (1.) ingestion (2.) digestion
(3.) assimilation (4.) excretion
15. Active transport of certain proteins from a cell's environment into
a cell is most
closely associated with the (1.)
cell wall (2.) ribosome (3.) cell membrane (4.) nucleolus
16. The low power diameter of the field of a microscope is determined
to be 1.5 millimeters.
A slide of onion skin cells is put on
the stage, and exactly three cells can be counted
lengthwise across the diameter of the
field. The average length of each cell is
(1.) 100 micrometers (2.) 500
micrometers (3.) 750 micrometers
(4.) 1500 micrometers
17. Which would NOT be an example of homeostasis within an organism?
(1.) Human blood pH remains fairly constant.
(2.) A paramecium maintains water balance
with its environment.
(3.) Carbon dioxide diffuses through
the cell membrane of an ameba.
(4.) A fruit fly dies of old age.
18. The entire series of biochemical activities that occur within an
organism is known as
(1.) replication (2.) assimilation (3.)
metabolism (4.) homeostasis
19. Which are common to most plant and animal cells? (1.) cell wall
and nucleus
(2.) vacuole and chloroplast (3.) cytoplasm
and cell membrane
(4.) chloroplast and mitochondrion
20. A general function of a transport system is to (1.) receive stimuli
from the external
environment (2.) bring materials from
the external environment into contact with all cells
(3.) hydrolyze nutrients so the cells
can utilize them (4.) remove solid waste materials
from the digestive system
21. In protozoans, digestion occurs in the (1.) food vacuoles (2.) stomach
(3.) contractile vacuole (4.) ribosome
22. Amino acids are required in the human diet principally for the synthesis
of (1.) lipids
(2.) starches (3.) sugars (4.) proteins
23. In the blood, carbon dioxide enters the lungs as a result of (1.)
osmosis (2.) active transport
(3.) diffusion (4.) circulation
For each of the questions 24 through 28, select the letter of the circulatory term, chosen from the following list, which is most closely associated with the question. [A number may be used more than once or not at all.]
(a.) antibodies
(b.) red blood cells
(c.) plasma
(d.) white blood cells
(e.) platelets
24. Which carries dissolved food substances to the cells?
25. Which functions during disease by engulfing bacteria?
26. Which contains a pigment that combines with oxygen?
27. Which initiates the clotting process when ruptured?
28. Which carries most of the carbon dioxide in the blood?
29. What is the immediate source of the energy used by muscle cells
when they contract?
(1.) ADP (2.) ATP (3.) DNA (4.) RNA
30. While focusing a microscope on high power, a student crushed the
cover slip. The
student probably (1.) rotated
the nosepiece (2.) closed the diaphragm
(3.) used the coarse adjustment
(4.) turned up the light intensity
31. A student was testing the composition of exhaled air by exhaling
through a straw into
a solution of bromothymol blue.
The presence of carbon dioxide in the exhaled air
would be indicated by (1.) a color
change in the solution
(2.) a change in the atmospheric pressure
(3.) the formation of a precipitate
in the solution
(4.) the release of bubbles from the
solution
32. During which process is ATP not essential? (1.) active transport
(2.) passive transport
(3.) pinocytosis (4.) phagocytosis
33. Which blood cell type produces a chemical used in the immune response?
(1.) phagocytes
(2.) platelets (3.) lymphocytes
(4.) red blood cells
34. Sodium ions are pumped from a region of lower concentration to a
region of
higher concentration in the nerve cells
of humans. This process is an example of
(1.) diffusion (2.) osmosis (3.) passive
transport (4.) active transport
35. Among the nutrients that can be absorbed without digestion are (1.)
sugars (2.) vitamins
(3.) proteins (4.) fats
36. Carbon monoxide reduces the ability of red blood cells to
carry oxygen. This can
lead to brain damage.
Which three systems in the body interact in this situation?
(1.) digestive, respiratory, and
circulatory (2.) respiratory, circulatory, and nervous
(3.) respiratory, excretory, and
nervous (4.) endocrine, circulatory, and digestive
37. An increase in the level of the hormone thyroxin in the blood
decreases the release
of thyroid stimulating hormone.
This mechanism illustrates (1.) negative feedback
(2.) immune response (3.)
enzyme action (4.) carrying capacity
38. The size of the openings in the leaves through which gases
move in and out is controlled
by the (1.) guard cells
(2.) organelles (3.) chromosomes (4.) red blood cells
39. A student conducted an original, well designed experiment,
carefully following
proper scientific procedure.
In order for the conclusions to become generally
supported, the experiment must
(1.) contain several experimental variables
(2.) be repeated to verify the
reliability of the data (3.) support the original hypothesis
(4.) be conducted by a scientist
40. A patient has just received an organ transplant. Which
treatment would be most
effective in preventing the rejection
of the organ by the patient's body?
(1.) Treat the patient with medications
that decrease the immune response.
(2.) Treat the patient with antibiotics
to fight off a possible viral infection.
(3.) Restrict the patient's salt
intake.
(4.) Give the patient blood transfusions.
Base your answers to questions 41 through 43 on the information provided
below
and your knowledge of the living environment.
A student is studying the effect of temperature on the action of a protein
digesting
enzyme that is contained in stomach fluid. An investigation
is set up using 5 identical
test tubes, each containing 40 milliliters of stomach fluid and 20
milliliters of glass tubing
filled with cooked egg white. After 48 hours, the amount
of egg white digested in each
tube was measured. The data collected are shown in the
data table below.
| Tube | Temperature (C) | Amount of digestion after 48 hours in mm |
| 1 | 4 | 0.0 mm. |
| 2 | 8 | 2.5 mm. |
| 3 | 21 | 4.0 mm.. |
| 4 | 37 | 7.5 mm. |
| 5 | 100 | 0.0 mm |
41. Which is a variable in this investigation? (1.) gastric
(stomach) fluid
(2.) length of glass tubing
(3.) time (4.) temperature
42. Explain why the amount of digestion after 48 hours is the
dependent variable in this
investigation.
43. What amount of digestion might be expected if an additional
test tube, identical to the
other tubes, was kept at a temperature
of 15 C for 48 hours? (1.) less than 2.5 mm.
(2.) between 2.5 and 4 mm.
(3.) between 4.0 and 7.5 mm. (4.) more than 7.5 mm.
| For each statement in questions 44 through 48, select the letter of
the structure, chosen from the diagram at the right, that is most closely
related to that statement. Some choices may be used once, more than once, or not
at all.
44. Internal development of the fetus normally occurs in this structure. 45. Fertilization normally takes place in this structure. 46. Egg formation takes place in the follicle
47. The lining of this structure breaks down
48. This structure produces female sex hormones that regulate the reproductive cycle.
|
 |
Base your answer to question 49 on the information below and your knowledge
of the
living environment.
A student wants to shorten the ripening time for tomato plants.
He predicts that the more
water the plants receive, the faster they will ripen.
To test this prediction he grows ten (10) tomato plants in a sunny garden
with dry soil, and
ten (10) tomato plants in a garden with moist soil. He then records
the amount of growth in the plants in an equal amount of time in each garden location.
49. Using one or more complete sentences, state one error the
student made in the design
of this experiment.
50. Assume that you are doing an experiment that involves
boiling meat in a test tube with
water, acid, and digestive
enzymes.
Using one or more complete
sentences, describe the details of two specific safety
procedures that must be
followed for this experiment. Include a reason each of
the procedures is important.
(2)
51. The low power diameter of the field of a microscope is determined
to be 3.0 millimeters. A
slide of plant cells is put on the stage, and
exactly four cells can be counted
lengthwise across the diameter
of the field. The
average length of each cell is (1.) 100 micrometers
(2.) 500 micrometers (3.)
750 micrometers (4.) 1500 micrometers
Please follow the instructions which follow for questions 52 through
57
of this examination.
Match the typed definition in column A to the vocabulary term BEST fitting
this
definition in column B. The choices in the section may
be used only once.
Some choices may not be used.
[Column A]
52. This term refers specifically to the movement of WATER and
WATER
only from a region of higher to lower
concentration.
53 Both osmosis and diffusion are examples of this process.
54. This process involves the movement of materials from lower to
higher concentration and requires ATP.
55. This specific process involves the engulfing of materials
too large to
take into a cell with psuedopodia.
56 The pinching of materials through a cell membrane is specifically
called
this process.
57. The maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism
is
called this.
[Column B]
A. active transport
B. passive transport
C. metabolism
D. phagocytosis
E. pinocytosis
F. osmosis
G. dynamic equilibrium
Please read the instructions which follow for questions 58 through
63
of this examination.
On this section of the examination, match the cell organelle description
in
column B to the cell organelle in column A. Place the letter corresponding
to
your match in the appropriate blank on your answer sheet.
Some choices may NOT be used.
[Column A]
58. nucleus
59. cell membrane
60. cell wall
61. mitochondria
62. endoplasmic reticulum
63. chloroplast
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Column B]
A. Network of transport channels found within the cell.
B. Gives plant cells their structure and rigidity.
C. Carry on photosynthesis in plant cells.
D. Selectively regulates the passage of materials to and from the cell.
E. Control center of the cell.
F. Sometimes referred to as the suicide sac--this is a pouch of
digestive enzymes.
G. Found only in animal cells, these organelles appear to play a role
in
animal cell division.
H. These organelles synthesize RNA and are large dark bodies found
within the nucleus.
I. These organelles pump excess water out of the cell.
J. Very active cells such as muscle cells must contain one of
these organelles. These organelles
are responsible for aerobic
respiration inside the cell.
64. The life process of transport in an organism directly involves those
activities used to
(1.) release energy from food (2.) produce
cellular waste products
(3.) obtain and hydrolyze materials
(4.) absorb and distribute materials
65. Homeostatic regulation of the body is made possible through the
coordination of all
body systems. This coordination is achieved
mainly by (1.) skeletal and excretory systems
(2.) respiratory and reproductive systems
(3.) nervous and endocrine systems
(4.) circulatory and digestive systems
66. A paramecium absorbs materials from its environment and circulates
these materials
throughout its cytoplasm. Which life
function is described by these activities?
(1.) reproduction (2.) transport (3.)
synthesis (4.) respiration
67. An activity carried on by every living plant and animal is (1.)
reproduction (2.) respiration
(3.) photosynthesis (4.) transpiration
68. Which life process prevents the accumulation of metabolic wastes
in a living thing?
(1.) nutrition (2.) excretion (3.) digestion
(4.) ingestion
69. The pancreas produces two hormones which decrease and increase
blood sugar levels.
The interaction of these hormones helps humans to
(1.) maintain a balanced internal
environment
(2.) circulate needed substances
to other body organs
(3.) dispose wastes formed in
other body organs
(4.) prevent disruptions in human
cellular communications
70. Which would be most directly involved in communications
between different human cells?
(1.) toxic substances
(2.) antigens (3.) red blood
cells (4.) hormones
71. Which statement is true in reference to conducting or publishing
the results of
a scientific investigation?
(1.) Scientists must
describe their work in such a way that others can repeat
their investigation.
(2.) Incorrect hypotheses have little value as they rarely
lead to further investigations.
(3.) Small sample sizes provide a more valid set of data
for investigations than
large sample sizes. (4.) Scientific investigation results should
not be made public, as this
encourages further experimentation based upon the
results of the original
investigation.
72. Which disorder is most directly associated with uncontrolled
mitotic cell division?
(1.) AIDS (2.) cancer
(3.) diabetes (4.) allergies
Use the information provided below and your knowledge
of the living environment to answer question 73 which follows.
73. You are cutting the grass and a bee lands on your shirt.
In one or
more complete sentences,
describe a possible response to this stimulus.
| 74. Which activity is illustrated in the diagram of an ameba
shown at the right? (1.) egestion
(2.) synthesis (3.) respiration (4.) ingestion |
 |
76. The width of a human hair is 0.1 millimeter. The width of
this human hair in micrometers is
(1.) 1 um (2.) 10
um (3.) 100 um (4.) 1000 um
77. During a race, the body temperature of a runner increases.
The runner responds by
perspiring, which lowers body
temperature. This process is an example of
(1.) maintenance of homeostasis
(2.) an antigen-antibody reaction
(3.) an acquired characteristic
(4.) environmental factors affecting phenotype
| 78. The diagram at the right shows the same type of molecule
in area A and area B. With the
passage of time, some molecules move from area A to area B. This movement is the result of the process of (1.) phagocytosis (2.) cyclosis (3.) pinocytosis (4.) diffusion |
 |
79. Which substances are secreted at the endings of nerve cells?
(1.) antibodies
(2.) antigens
(3.) neurotransmitters (4.) lipids
80. Many bacteria that enter the circulatory system are engulfed
and destroyed by
(1.) phagocytic white blood cells
(2.) pinocytic red blood cells
(3.) plasma (4.) platelets
81. The body cells of most multicellular animals are not in direct
contact with the
external environment. These cells
are supplied with materials from the environment by
(1.) a central nervous system
(2.) hydrolytic enzymes (3.) sense receptors
(4.) a circulatory system
82. Starting at the kingdom subdivision and ending at the species
subdivision, list the order
of the classification/taxonomic
hierarchy from the most complex to the
simplest subdivision. (5)
83. State two different ways white blood cells help to defend
our bodies against the
introduction of foreign antigens.
(2)
84. How does a measles vaccine protect a child entering school
against the measles? Write
one or more paragraphs explaining
this. Include discussion of the terms antibody,
antigen, pathogen, primary immune
response, and secondary immune response (memory)
in your explanation. (5)
85. List two procedures that should be followed when switching
from low power to
high power using the compound
microscope when viewing a specimen. (2)
Base your answers to questions 86 through 89 on the reading passage
below and your
knowledge of the living environment.
Lyme Disease
Since 1980, the number of reported cases of Lyme disease in New York
State has
been increasing. The vector (carrier) of Lyme disease is the
small deer tick, Ixodex damnini.
The disease is spread from infected animals to ticks that bite these
animals. Humans
bitten by these parasitic ticks may then become infected.
The symptoms of Lyme disease do not always occur immediately after a
tick bite. An
individual may develop a skin rash several days to weeks after being
bitten by a tick.
Flu like symptoms such as headaches, muscle aches, joint pain, and
fever may also develop.
Generally, these symptoms clear up and the individual may not seek
medical help. Also,
in some cases there may be no symptoms other than a sudden onset of
arthritis. However,
in a small number of cases, if the infection is not treated, it may
lead to chronic arthritis,
disorders of the heart and nervous system, or in a few cases, death.
A blood test can help
to confirm a diagnosis, and antibiotics are effective in treating the
infection.
People may take preventative action by frequently checking themselves
and their pets for ticks,
tucking pant legs into socks when walking through the woods, wearing
light colored clothing
to aid in spotting a tick, and using insect repellent.
86. Describe how Lyme disease is transmitted.
87. State one way people might protect themselves from getting Lyme disease.
88. State two symptoms that may occur if a person has Lyme disease. (2)
89. State one danger of ignoring any symptoms that may develop after a tick bite.
Connect here for answers to this practice midterm.
Send any comments to Jim Buckley at jbuckley@ekcsk12.org