1. The diagram below represents a series of reactions that can occur in an organism.
This diagram best illustrates the relationship between
(1) enzymes and synthesis (2) amino acids and glucose (3) antigens and immunity (4) ribosomes and sugars
Practice Midterm 5/Living Environment
1. The diagram below represents a series of reactions that can occur
in an organism.
This diagram best illustrates the relationship between
(1) enzymes and synthesis (2) amino acids and glucose (3) antigens and
immunity (4) ribosomes and sugars
2. The production of
energy-rich ATP molecules is the direct result of
(1) recycling light energy to be used in the process of photosynthesis
(2) releasing the stored energy of organic compounds by the process of
respiration
(3) breaking down starch by the process of digestion
(4) copying coded information during the process of protein synthesis
3. The interaction between guard cells and a leaf opening would not be
involved in
(1) diffusion of carbon dioxide (2) maintaining homeostasis (3)
heterotrophic nutrition
(4) feedback mechanisms
4. The largest amount of DNA in a plant cell is contained in
(1) a nucleus (2) a chromosome (3) a protein molecule (4) an
enzyme molecule
5. The green aquatic plant represented in the diagram
below was exposed to light for several hours.
Which gas would most likely be found in the greatest amount in the bubbles?
(1) oxygen (2) ozone (3) nitrogen (4) carbon dioxide
6. Which group contains only molecules that are each assembled from smaller
organic compounds?
(1) proteins, water, DNA, fats (2) proteins, starch, carbon dioxide,
water
(3) proteins, DNA, fats, starch (4) proteins, carbon dioxide, DNA,
starch
7. Which structures in diagram I and diagram II carry out a
similar life function?
(1) 1 and C (2) 3 and A (3) 2 and D (4) 4 and B
8. Researchers performing a well-designed experiment should base their
conclusions on
(1) the hypothesis of the experiment (2) data from repeated trials
of the experiment
(3) a small sample size to insure a reliable outcome of the experiment
(4) results predicted before performing the experiment
9. In plants, simple sugars are least likely to be
(1) linked together to form proteins
(2) broken down into carbon dioxide and water
(3) used as a source of energy
(4) stored in the form of starch molecules
10. An investigation was carried out and the results are
shown below. Substance X resulted from a
metabolic process that produces ATP in yeast (a single-celled fungus).
Which statement best describes substance X?
(1) It is oxygen released by protein synthesis.
(2) It is glucose that was produced in photosynthesis.
(3) It is starch that was produced during digestion.
(4) It is carbon dioxide released by respiration.
Use the information below and your knowledge of biology to
answer question 11 which follows.
The effect of temperature on the action of pepsin, a protein-digesting
enzyme present in stomach fluid, was tested. In this investigation,
20 milliliters of stomach fluid and 10 grams of protein were placed in
each of five test tubes. The tubes were then kept at different temperatures.
After 24 hours, the contents of each tube were tested to determine
the amount of protein that had been digested. The results are
shown in the table below.
11. The dependent variable in this investigation is the
(1) size of the test tube (2) time of digestion
(3) amount of stomach fluid (4) amount of protein digested
12. This investigation was repeated using 10 grams of
starch instead of protein in each test
tube. The contents of each tube were tested to determine the amount of starch
that
had been digested. The test results showed that no starch digestion occurred.
Explain
why no starch was digested.
13. A student prepared a wet-mount slide of some red onion
cells and then added some
salt water to the slide. The student observed the slide using a compound light
microscope.
Diagram A is typical of what the student observed after adding salt water.
Complete diagram B to show how the contents of the red onion cells should appear
if
the cell were then rinsed with distilled water for several minutes.
14. When a person exercises, changes occur in muscle cells as they release
more energy.
Explain how increased blood flow helps
these muscle cells release more energy.
15. State one factor that influences which molecules can pass through the cell
membrane
of a human cell.
16. Which sequence illustrates the increasing complexity of levels of
organization in multicellular
organisms? (1) organelle → cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism
(2) cell → organelle → tissue → organ → organ system → organism
(3) organelle → tissue → cell → organ → organ system → organism
(4) cell → organism → organ system → organ → tissue → organelle
17. Which statement best describes a scientific theory?
(1) It is a collection of data designed to provide support for a prediction.
(2) It is an educated guess that can be tested by experimentation.
(3) It is a scientific fact that no longer requires any evidence to support it.
(4) It is a general statement that is supported by many scientific observations.
18. In the body of a human, the types of chemical activities occurring
within cells are most dependent
on the (1) biological catalysts present (2) size of the cell
(3) number of chromosomes in the cell (4) kind of sugar found on each
chromosome
19. Feedback interactions in the human body are
important because they
(1) determine the diversity necessary for evolution to occur
(2) direct the synthesis of altered genes that are passed on to every cell in
the body
(3) regulate the shape of molecules involved in cellular communication
(4) keep the internal body environment within its normal range
20. The purpose of introducing weakened microbes
into the body of an organism is to stimulate the
(1) production of living microbes that will protect the organism from future
attacks
(2) production of antigens that will prevent infections from occurring
(3) immune system to react and prepare the organism to fight future invasions by
these
microbes
(4) replication of genes that direct the synthesis
| Use the diagram at the right and your knowledge of biology
to answer questions 21-24 which follow. 21. In the diagram below, which structure performs a function similar to a function of the human lungs? (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 22. Which structure in the cell is directly responsible for the synthesis of proteins? (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 23. Which structure in this cell contains most of the genetic material of the cell? (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 24. Which structure in this cell selectively regulates materials moving to and from the cell? (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 |
 |
Base your answers to questions 25 through 26 on the graph below
and on your knowledge of biology.
25. The greatest difference between the incidence of measles and the incidence
of bacterial pneumonia
occurred in (1) 1940 (2) 1950 (3) 1960 (4) 1970
26. Which statement best explains a change in the incidence of disease in 1970?
(1) Children were vaccinated against measles.
(2) New drugs cured diabetes.
(3) The bacteria that cause pneumonia developed a resistance to drugs.
(4) New technology helped to reduce the incidence of all three diseases.
Base your answers to questions 27 through 28 on the information and diagram
below.
A student prepared a wet-mount slide of red onion skin and observed
it under high power of a compound light microscope (view A). After
adding a substance to the slide and waiting one minute, the student
observed that there were changes in the cells (view B).
27. Identify one substance that could have been added to the cells on the
slide in view A
that would make them resemble the cells observed in view B.
28. Identify the specific substance that diffused to cause the change in
appearance from view A to view B.
29. Which two organ systems provide materials required for the human body
to produce ATP?
(1) reproductive and excretory (2) digestive and respiratory
(3) respiratory and immune (4) digestive and reproductive
Some human body cells are shown in the diagrams below.
30. These groups of cells represent different (1) tissues in which
similar cells function together
(2) organs that help to carry out a specific life activity (3) systems
that are responsible for a specific life activity
(4) organelles that carry out different functions
31. List two different factors we have studied which will cause the active
site of an enzyme to change its shape.
32. Which activity is not a function of white blood cells
in response to an invasion of the body by
bacteria? (1) engulfing these bacteria (2) producing antibodies to
act against this type of bacteria
(3) preparing for future invasions of this type of bacteria (4) speeding
transmissions of nerve impulses to
detect these bacteria
33. The graph below shows the effect of temperature on the relative rate
of action of enzyme X on
a protein.
Which change would not affect the relative rate of action of enzyme X?
(1) the addition of cold water when the reaction is at 50°C
(2) an increase in temperature from 70°C to 80°C
(3) the removal of the protein when the reaction is at 30°C
(4) a decrease in temperature from 40°C to 10°C
34. When organisms break the bonds of organic compounds, the organisms can
(1) use the smaller molecules to plug the gaps in the cell membrane to slow
diffusion
(2) use the energy obtained to digest molecules produced by respiration that
uses oxygen
(3) obtain energy or reassemble the resulting materials to form different
compounds
(4) excrete smaller amounts of solid waste materials during vigorous exercise
Base your answers to questions 35 and 36 on the information and diagram below
and
on your knowledge of biology.
Two test tubes, A and B, were set up as shown in the diagram
below. Bromthymol blue, which turns from blue to yellow in the presence
of carbon dioxide, was added to the water at the bottom of each
tube before the tubes were sealed. The tubes were maintained at the
temperatures shown for six days. (Average room temperature is 20°C.)
35. Identify the life process responsible for the change in tube A.
36. Explain how the temperature difference could lead to the different results
in tubes A
and B after six days.
Use the information below to answer questions 37 and 38 which follow.
The energy demands of a cell or an organism are met as a result of interactions
between several life functions.
37. Identify two life functions involved in meeting the energy demands of
a cell or an organism.
38. Explain how these two life functions interact to make energy
available.
39. Organ systems of the human body interact to maintain a balanced
internal environment.
As blood flows through certain organs of the body, the composition of the blood
changes because of interactions with those organs. State one change in the
composition
of the blood as it flows through the digestive system.
40. An increase in heart rate will most likely result in
(1) a decrease in metabolic rate (2) an increase in pulse rate
(3) an increase in cell division (4) a decrease in body temperature
41. The diagram below represents an interaction between parts of
an organism.
The term chemicals
in this diagram represents
(1) starch molecules (2) hormone molecules
(3) DNA molecules (4) receptor molecules
42. Plants such as the
Venus flytrap produce chemical compounds that break down insects
into substances that are
usable by the plant. The chemical compounds that break
down
the insects are most likely (1) fats (2)
minerals (3) biological catalysts
(4) complex carbohydrates
Base your answers to questions 43 and 44 on the information and
diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.
A small water plant (elodea) was placed in bright sunlight for five hours as
indicated
below. Bubbles of oxygen gas were observed being released from the plant.
(1) producing glucose (2)
releasing energy from water
(3) making protein (4)
carrying on active transport
44. What substance did
the plant most likely absorb from the water for the process
that
produces the oxygen gas? (1)
dissolved nitrogen (2) an
enzyme
(3) carbon dioxide (4)
a hormone
up the demonstration shown in the diagram below.
45. The appearance of the pink color
was due to the movement of
(1) phenolphthalein molecules
from low concentration to high concentration
(2) base molecules from high
concentration through the membrane to low concentration
(3) water molecules through
the membrane from high concentration to
low
concentration (4) phenolphthalein
molecules in the water from high
concentration
to low concentration
Use the information below and your knowledge of biology to answer the following
question.
A student squeezed a clothespin as many times as possible in a 30-second time
period.
The student repeated this procedure nine more times in quick succession. The
data
obtained are in the chart below.
46. State one hypothesis that this data would support concerning the
relationship between
number of trials and number of squeezes in 30 seconds.
Use the information and the photographs below, as well as your knowledge of
biology to answer question 47.
The photos below show two red onion cells viewed with the high power of a
compound
light microscope.
47. Describe the steps that could be used to make cell A resemble cell B
using a piece of paper towel and an eyedropper
or a pipette without removing the coverslip.
48. Many people become infected with the chicken pox virus during childhood.
After
recovering from chicken pox, these people are usually immune to the disease for
the
rest of their lives. However, they may still be infected by viruses that cause
other
diseases, such as measles.
Discuss the immune response to the chicken pox virus. In your answer, be sure to include:
• the role of antigens in the immune response
• the role of white blood cells in the body’s response to the virus
• an explanation of why recovery from an infection with the chicken pox virus
will
Use the diagram below and your
knowledge of biology to assist you in answering question 49 which follows.
The diagram below illustrates the result of growing a garlic bulb in a cup of
distilled
water over five days.
49. Design an experiment consisting of a control and three different
experimental groups
to test the prediction, “Garlic grows better as the salt concentration of the
solution in
which it is grown increases.” In your answer, be sure to:
• describe the control to be used in the experiment
• describe the difference between the three experimental groups
• state one type of measurement that should be made to determine if the
prediction
is accurate
• describe one example of experimental results that would support the prediction
50. Identify
two body systems that help maintain glucose levels in the blood and describe how each system is involved.Use the information below and your
knowledge of biology to answer question 50 which follows.
The drugs usually used to treat high blood pressure do not affect blood vessels
in the
lungs. Bosentan is a new drug being studied as a treatment for high blood
pressure in
the lungs. In an experiment, patients treated with bosentan showed an
improvement
in the distance they could walk without fatigue within 12 weeks.
51. Design an experiment to test the effectiveness of bosentan as a drug
to treat high blood
pressure in the lungs. In your answer be sure to:
• state the hypothesis your experiment will test
• state how the control group will be treated differently from the experimental
group
• state two factors that must be kept the same in both the experimental and
control groups
• state the type of data that should be collected to determine if the hypothesis
is supported
52. Describe one example of diffusion in the human body.
In your description be sure to:
• identify the place where diffusion takes place
• identify a substance that diffuses there
• identify where that substance diffuses from and where it diffuses to, at that
place
View answers to Practice Midterm Five