1.   The rock layer of the Earth is called the  (a.) atmosphere  (b.) hydrosphere  (c.) lithosphere
      (d.) biosphere

2.  Which covers the majority of the Earth's surface?  (a.) lithosphere  (b.) atmosphere  
     (c.) hydrosphere  (d.)  ionosphere

3.  The water layer on much of the Earth's surface is called the  (a.) hydrosphere  (b.) atmosphere
     (c.) lithosphere  (d.) ionosphere

4.  The color of a powdered mineral is called its  (a.) streak  (b.) hardness  (c.) reaction to acid
     (d.) cleavage

5.  Which is most likely to be a false statement?  (a.) Rocks are composed of minerals.
     (b.)  Only a few rock-forming minerals make up most of the rocks of Earth.  (c.)  Minerals 
     are identified on the basis of physical properties such as streak, hardness, and reaction to acid.
     (d.) Fossils are usually found in igneous rocks. 

6.  Where are fossils usually found?  (a.) in a lava field  (b.) in sedimentary rock   (c.) in metamorphic rock
     (d) in igneous rock

7.  Which is most likely to be used to study past climates and environments?   (a.) the atmosphere
    (b.) the hydrosphere  (c.) the fossil record   (d.) old worn out cars

8.  The break down of rock at the Earth's surface is called  (a.) weathering  (b.) combustion
     (c.) erosion   (d.)  vulcanism

9.  Sediment is chiefly formed by the process of    (a.) weathering  (b.) combustion
     (c.) erosion   (d.)  vulcanism

10.   Which statement is most incorrect?   (a.)  Soil consists of sediment, organic material, water, and air.  
        (b.)  Erosion is the transport of sediment. (c.)  Gravity is the driving force behind erosion.
        (d.) Wind is the dominant agent of erosion on our planet.

11.  Which statement is most incorrect?  (a.) Gravity can act directly or through agents such as moving water, wind, 
       and glaciers.   (b.)  Water circulates through the atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere in what is known as 
       the water cycle.   (c.) Sedimentary rocks are formed under tremendous heat and pressure.   (d.) Igneous rocks
      are formed from solidified molten materials.   

_______ 12. This variable is controlled by the person performing the experiment
. A. control B. independent C. dependent D. none of these
_______ 13. The metric prefix for 1/1000
. A. centi B. kilo C. micro D. none of these
_______ 14. One milliliter is equal to one
. A. cubic decimeter B. cubic centimeter C. cubic meter D. none of these
_______ 15. The resistance of an object to changes in motion
. A. acceleration B. inertia C. density D. none of these
_______ 16. The amount of space an object takes up
. A. density B. speed C. mass D. none of these
_______ 17. The smallest part of an element
. A. atoms B. molecules C. compounds D. none of these
_______ 18. The part of the solution doing the dissolving is called the
. A. solute B. solvent C. compound D. none of these
_______ 19. These subatomic particles have a positive charge
. A. electrons B. neutrons C. protons D. none of these
_______ 20. Which of these elements is a reactive halogen gas
. A. chlorine B. potassium C. helium D. none of these
_______ 21. Which of these elements is a metalloid
. A. carbon B. lead C. silicon D. none of these
_______ 22. A chemical reaction is indicated by
. A. color change B. heat change C. gas produced D. all of these
_______ 23. The substances on the right side of the arrow when you look at a chemical equation
. A. reactants B. products C. solutions D. none of these
_______ 24. Which of these equations represents a synthesis reaction
. A. 2H2O -->
2H2 + O2 . . .		 B. 2Na + Cl2 -->
2NaCl . . .		 C. Zn + 2HCl -->
ZnCl2 + H2 . . .		 D. none of these
_______ 25. The small numbers to the lower right of chemical symbols in equations
. A. coefficients B. subscripts C. exponents D. none of these

______ 26.  What happens to particles of water when it is heated from 10 C to 20 C?

          a. No change takes place.
          b. They speed up and the space between them increases.
          c. They speed up and the space between them decreases.
          d. They slow down and the space between them increases.
          e. They slow down and the space between them decreases.

27-29.  Which states of  matter are represented by each of the diagrams at the right?

Use a complete sentence to answer question 30 which follows.

30.  What will happen to the particles of matter in diagram C if heat is added?   

31.  Which of the following ways are solids and gases alike? a. Both have particles that move very fast.
        (b.) Both have particles that move very slow.  (c.) Both are made of particles.
        (d.) Neither are made of particles.  (e.) Both have particles that are very close together.

32.   Which physical state has particles that move very slowly and stay close together? 
         (a.) liquid  (b.) molecule  (c.) solid  (d.) volume

33.  Identify the energy change that take place as a candle burns. 

    1. chemical to heat energy  b. Electric to mechanical energy  c.  Electric to heat energy   
             d. Mechanical to electric energy

34.  Energy that is the result of the internal motion of particles of matter is termed:

  1. Electrical energy  b.  Heat energy  c.  Mechanical energy   d. Nuclear energy
The above dump truck is preparing to dump a rock into this hollow.   Answer the following questions in reference to this dump truck.

35. At what point does the boulder have its maximum gravitational potential energy?

36. At which location(s) will the boulder have less potential energy than at point D?

37. Assuming the boulder falls steadily down the hill when it is dumped, when will it reach its maximum kinetic energy?

38.  A car changing speed from 10 mph to 40 mph would be an example of:  

  1. Acceleration   b.  Constant speed  c.  Deceleration  d.  Velocity

39.  The force that naturally pulls objects toward the center of the earth is the

  1. Buoyant force  b. Elastic force  c.  Electrical force   d.  Gravitational force
40.  How far had the family traveled before lunch (between points B and C)?

41.  What was the average speed for the first two hours?

42.  How far did the family travel between the second and third hours?

43.  What was the average speed three hours into the trip?

44.  What was the average speed for the entire trip?

45.  A simple machine is used to lift a weight.  What happens to the amount of work that must be done compared to doing the work without a machine?

    1. It increases
    2. It decreases
    3. It stays the same
    4. It depends on which simple machine is used

46.  What amount of work is done when a 5 newton object is moved a distance of 10 meters?

  1. 1/2 joules
  2. 2 joules
  3. 5 joules
  4. 25 joules
  5. 50 joules
47. Which simple machines are found in the scissors?
  1. Inclined plane, lever
  2. Lever, pulley
  3. Pulley, inclined plane
  4. Wheel, lever

48. Why are these scissors an example of a compound machine?

49. What formula measures the work done by the scissors?

  1. Work = force x distance
  2. Work = mass x distance
  3. Work = area x mass
  4. Work = mass x volume
_______ 50. The point from which most motion is measured
. A. reference point B. the sun C. the earth D. none of these
_______ 51. Distance traveled in a period of time
. A. motion B. acceleration C. speed D. none of these
_______ 52. The term normally used to indicate a decrease in speed
. A. acceleration B. deceleration C. stop D. none of these
_______ 53. Acceleration toward the center of a circular path
. A. deceleration B. friction C. negative acceleration D. none of these
_______ 54. The product of the mass of an object and its velocity
. A. acceleration B. speed C. density D. none of these
_______ 55. Anything that changes sliding friction to fluid friction
. A. oil B. water C. lubricant D. none of these
_______ 56. Which of these had the best ideas about an object moving at a constant speed
. A. Aristotle B. Darwin C. Newton D. none of these
_______ 57. Forces that are opposite in direction and equal in size
. A. balanced B. unbalanced C. imaginary D. none of these
_______ 58. Force equals mass times
. A. momentum B. acceleration C. deceleration D. none of these
_______ 59. The force of a fluid that pushes up on an object in the fluid
. A. gravity B. buoyancy C. free-fall D. none of these
_______ 60. A force acting through a distance is know as
. A. work B. power C. acceleration D. none of these
_______ 61. Newtons are the units of
. A. power B. work C. weight D. all of these
_______ 62. Machines that do work with one movement
. A. powerful B. simple C. compound D. none of these
_______ 63. When a substance changes phase, there is a change in heat energy but no
. A. heat change B. temperature change C. physical change D. none of these
______ 64. The temperature at which a substance changes from the liquid phase to the gas phase
. A. boiling point B. freezing point C. melting point D. none of these
______65. The temperature at which a substance changes from the solid phase to the liquid phase
. A. boiling point B. freezing point C. melting point D. none of these
_______ 66. The energy associated with charged particles
. A. electricity B. light C. atoms D. none of these
_______ 67. This type of electric current flows in only one direction
. A. alternating current B. direct current C. static electricity D. none of these
_______ 68. Materials that easily allow the flow of an electric current
. A. resistors B. conductors C. semiconductors D. none of these

69.   Which of the following is an example of chemical weathering?  a.  When a bicycle is left outdoors and rusts.  b. When water freezes and breaks open rocks.  c. When a plant wedges into a rock and breaks it.    d.  When wind wears away at a rock.   e. When a tombstone freezes, cracks and breaks.

70.  What term describes the breakdown of rocks into smaller and smaller parts? 

  1. Erosion    b.  Sedimentation   c.  Weathering   d.  Wind

71.  Which event would most likely produce igneous rocks? 

     a. deposition    b. earthquake    c. flood    d. volcano

72.  When you turn up the thermostat on your furnace several things happen. Which of these would be considered a chemical change?   a.  Air circulate throughout the room  b.  Fuel in the furnace burns
c. Heat in the room rises   d.  The temperature in the room increases  f.  The thermometer rises

Modified True-False:   Indicate whether the following statements are true or false.    If the statement is false, correct the underlined word or phrase to make that statement true.

______  1. The Sun is the most commonly used frame of reference that we use for motion.

______  2. Velocity is speed in a given direction.

______  3. Forces cause a change in motion.

______  4. Newton proposed four laws of motion.

______  5. A fluid will move from an area of high pressure toward an area of low pressure.

______  6. Motion must occur if work is done.

______  7. The melting point of a substance is the same temperature as its freezing point.

______  8.  Most substances expand when heated and contract  when cooled.

______  9. Objects with similar electrical charges will attract.

______ 10. There is only one path for electrons to take in a parallel circuit.

______ 11. The movement of a transverse wave is in the same direction as its medium.

______ 12. Frequency indicates the distance between adjacent crests or troughs of a wave.

______ 13. The units of frequency of waves is joules.

______ 14. Reflection is the bending of a wave due to a change in speed.

______ 15. Light travels faster than sound.

______ 16. The SI prefix "milli" represents 1000.

______ 17. Mass does not change as an object is moved from one place to another.

______ 18. All objects exert a gravitational attraction on other objects.

______ 19. The density of water is 10 g / cm3.

______ 20. Compounds are the simplest pure substances.

______ 21. Heterogeneous mixtures are the same throughout.

______ 22. The particles of a solution are too small to be seen.

______ 23. The number of neutrons is found by subtracting atomic number from atomic mass.

______ 24. Our current atomic theory says electrons are the smallest of the three basic
                     subatomic particles.

______ 25. Atoms of the same element with different amounts of neutrons are isotopes.

______ 26. Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth's atmosphere.

______ 27. Atoms gain or lose electrons to comply with the octet rule.

______ 28. Metals are found on the right side of the periodic table.

______ 29. Chemical equations are balanced by changing coefficients, never subscripts.

______ 30. An isotope is a charged atom.

_____ 31. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
_____ 32. An object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by another force.
_____ 33. The Earth has layers.
_____ 34. Matter can be changed from one phase to another by adding or taking away heat.
_____ 35. Older rock layers are generally covered by overlying younger rocks.
_____ 36. Matter cannot be destroyed in an ordinary chemical reaction.

 

Short Answer Questions

1.   Discuss friction as it relates to the motion of automobiles. 

a.)  When would we want to reduce friction in a car?

b.)  How might we reduce friction?

c.)  When might we want to increase friction in a car?

d.)  How might we increase the friction the car makes with the road?

2.  State Newton's Three Laws of Motion and discuss an example of each of these laws.

3.  There are several different families and groupings of elements on the periodic table.   List two
     characteristics associated with the following groupings.

Hopefully correct test answers !!  :-)

Please send comments to jbuckley@ekcsk12.org